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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Cushmania</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Cushman, Charlotte Saunders, 1816-1876</text>
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                <text>Stebbins, Emma, 1815-1882</text>
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                <text>Gossip--Published</text>
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                <text>Gossip--Private</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13196">
                <text>Relationships--Networks</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13197">
                <text>Italy--Rome</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;A collection of archival material (letters, diaries, articles, auto/biographical accounts) collected from different archives (cf. &lt;a href="https://www.archivalgossip.com/sources/archives/"&gt;list&lt;/a&gt;) that showcase the life of Charlotte Cushman, one of the most successful US American actresses of the nineteenth century.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;We invite you to either look for specific items via the tag cloud at the bottom of the page or the search function at the top, &lt;a href="https://archivalgossip.com/collection/items/browse?collection=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;browse all items&lt;/a&gt; in this collection, or explore thematic compilations of selected items in our "&lt;a href="https://archivalgossip.com/collection/exhibits" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Exhibits&lt;/a&gt;."&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;h6 style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://archivalgossip.com/collection/files/original/c4226e025914fe32ca1542c728bd11cc.JPG"&gt;&lt;img title="Item Locations" alt="Item Locations" src="https://archivalgossip.com/collection/files/original/c4226e025914fe32ca1542c728bd11cc.JPG" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="349.5" height="237.5" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;(&lt;a href="http://hdlab.stanford.edu/palladio/"&gt;Palladio&lt;/a&gt; visualization, Dec 2021: location of items in collection, size nodes)&lt;/h6&gt;&#13;
&lt;h6 style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://archivalgossip.com/collection/files/original/44bccce1e23bf9efe34d0078d3cc97f0.JPG"&gt;&lt;img title="Item Locations" alt="Item Locations" src="https://archivalgossip.com/collection/files/original/44bccce1e23bf9efe34d0078d3cc97f0.JPG" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="349.5" height="324.5" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;(&lt;a href="http://hdlab.stanford.edu/palladio/"&gt;Palladio&lt;/a&gt; visualization, Dec 2021: letter correspondence for items&lt;br /&gt;that have values defined for "location sender" AND "location recipient," size nodes)&lt;/h6&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10">
                <text>Library of Congress</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="11">
                <text>New York Public Library</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12">
                <text>Philadelphia Historical Society</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1816-00-00/1920-00</text>
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  <itemType itemTypeId="22">
    <name>Article</name>
    <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Text that is part of a magazine or newspaper. The article may include other formats such as images.</description>
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        <name>Text</name>
        <description>Any textual data included in the document</description>
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            <text>"It is always interesting to observe how persons above the average of their kind have demonstrated the usefulness and the happiness of life under exceptional conditions. Biography, however, is as limited in revealing the actual feelings of the great as those of the obscure. The reader has to bring intuition to bear upon it, and to derive from what is written some consistent and harmonious idea of the large part that never could be written. In studying the records of famous bachelors and spinsters we cannot fail to reach one conclusion: that those who were unhappy throughout life would have been unhappy also if they had married, their prolonged dissatisfaction being the result of character, temperament, ill health, poverty or persecution, rather than of the disappointment in love to which it is usually credited. In fact, that disappointment often served for companionship after the first bitterness was past, acting as an incentive in some line of noble endeavor." (pp 650-651)</text>
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          <elementText elementTextId="8748">
            <text>"In reading history we discover that what, for want of a newer designation, we have to call a 'platonic' friendship, was sometimes the strongest feeling in the lives of a man and a woman. It is probable that even in the old pagan world a few admirable examples of this unselfish devotion existed, but the pagan civilization in its general trend was unfavorable to a pure friendship between persons. of opposite sexes." (pp. 651)</text>
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          <elementText elementTextId="8749">
            <text>"pious celibate" (pp. 652)</text>
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          <elementText elementTextId="8750">
            <text>"Another highly endowed single woman, seemingly set apart from man's love and wedded to her art, was Charlotte Cushman. Those who saw her in the great Shaksperean [sic] drama realized what the stage might be made if the popular tast could become elevated to the degree of patronizing only great plays and great actors. By her tones, her facial power, her wonderful magnetism, she swayed human emotions ever on the side of truth and justice, ever to the scorn of meanness and cruelty. A meeting between her and the famous artist, Mlle. Rosa Bonheur, was described by Miss Cushman in an interesting manner. She said her face was "lovely, refined, not French, full of intense feeling, with bright, clear, truthful eyes, thin but mobile lips, beautiful teeth, little hands, but with a true grip-altogether the most charming great woman I have seen." These two gifted spinsters of this century had their memorable interview at Mlle. Bonheur's chateau, where visitors mount the stairway to the delightful studio in the tower designed by the artist herself." (pp. 657)</text>
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          <elementText elementTextId="8751">
            <text>"In the modern world of letters, art, science, and philanthropy the list of unmarried women is too long for other than a general mention of the representatives, and many names are likely to be omitted. The following, not all equally endowed or equally useful, but all having celebrity of one kind or another, may be specified: Catharine Sedgwick, Harriet Martineau, Maria McIntosh, Julia Kavanaugh, Amelia Edwards, Jean Ingelow, Lucy Larcom,· Constance Woolson, Agnes Tincker, Phoebe and Alice Cary, Maria Mitchell, Harriet Hosmer, Dorothea Dix, Florence Nightingale, Elizabeth Peabody, Clara Barton, Frances Willard, and Emily Faithfull." (pp. 657-658)</text>
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        <name>Provenance</name>
        <description>What is the source of the piece of information, where is it derived from? E.g. archive (e.g. scans), research notes by a someone who had access to archival material, published (e.g. in an edited version) , citation (e.g. cited in secondary literature)</description>
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            <text>&lt;a href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moajrnl/bac8387.0067.401/679"&gt;http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moajrnl/bac8387.0067.401/679&lt;/a&gt;. Accessed 21 Nov 2021.</text>
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      <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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        <element elementId="50">
          <name>Title</name>
          <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <text>Frances Albert Doughty's "Noted Bachelors and Spinsters," &lt;em&gt;Catholic World&lt;/em&gt;, Aug 1898</text>
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          <name>Source</name>
          <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="8753">
              <text>Catholic World</text>
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          <name>Date</name>
          <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="8754">
              <text>1898-00-00</text>
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          <name>Type</name>
          <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <text>Reference</text>
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        <element elementId="43">
          <name>Identifier</name>
          <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="8756">
              <text>0668</text>
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        <element elementId="49">
          <name>Subject</name>
          <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <text>Cushman, Charlotte Saunders, 1816-1876</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="19250">
              <text>Hosmer, Harriet Goodhue, 1830-1908</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="19251">
              <text>Social Critique</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="19252">
              <text>Gender Norms</text>
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    <tag tagId="12">
      <name>gender norms/bending</name>
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